The Dutch Forest law currently does not recognise Tilia as a forest species. Large-scale plantations of Tilia are thus a violation of the Dutch forest law, but in practice this is tolerated by the inspectors.
Part of the current Natura2000-labelled old-growth oak and oak-beech sites would convert to Douglas fir forest under the more extreme climate scenario, and management will only partly be able to retard this conversion. To maintain the characteristic old-growth ground vegetation, conversion to Scots pine forest would be much more favourable than the spontaneous conversion to Douglas fir. Light conditions are much better under Scots pine. However, such a development is in conflict with the Natura2000 rules.